SEC investor guidance explains the limit-price constraint and the possibility of no execution. Marketability describes the quote at a moment in time.

What the source establishes

Investor.gov states that a buy limit order can execute only at the specified limit or lower, while a sell limit can execute only at the limit or higher. A limit order does not guarantee execution. The price condition and the eventual fill are separate elements. SEC Investor.gov — Limit Orders ↗

A quote visible before submission is not a promise that enough liquidity will remain available when the order reaches a venue. The limit continues to define acceptable prices, even if the market moves beyond it.

What the distinction changes

Consider an explicitly illustrative buy limit at 10.05 when the displayed offer is 10.00. Calling that order marketable describes its relation to that quote. If the available offer disappears and the next offer is 10.10, the original limit has not authorised execution at 10.10.

For a brokerage workflow, the record needs both the instruction and the execution evidence. A no-fill result can be consistent with a correctly enforced limit. Conversely, a fill should be checked against the actual instruction rather than justified by the fact that the customer wanted an immediate trade.

Questions for the next review

Preserve the limit price, side, quantity, time in force and any later amendment. Distinguish submitted, accepted, partially filled and completed states. Do not treat a temporary screen quote or an order-submission receipt as proof of execution.